The FCC has prioritised the key technologies for a reliable, sustainable, and safe machine complex and launches focused programmes for the advancement of technology within a geographically well-balanced and topically complementary collaboration setup.
CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
An important part of the FCC Study is finding a suitable location for the collider ring and quantifying the civil engineering efforts required for a 91 km long tunnel, access shafts and experiment caverns. Future energy and intensity frontier circular colliders would require the third longest tunnel in the world.
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RELIABILITY
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RELIABILITY
Reliability and availability become key indicators for the performance of particle accelerators and a key parameter for collecting more data during their operation. The FCC study, creates synergies between academia and industry to assess different methods and tools that could successfully improve reliability and availability for the next generation of particle colliders.
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GLOBAL SCALE COMPUTING
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GLOBAL SCALE COMPUTING
Collecting and interpreting the data that would be collected at the proposed future circular colliders represents a significant software and computational challenge. Dedicated teams work to develop the core software tools needed for detector studies and physics benchmarking; covering the whole chain from event generation and subsequent simulation of particles in the detector to full event reconstruction and physics interpretation. Constantly improving and maintaining these tools and ensuring compatibility with the detector R&D efforts is a huge task that requires collaborative effort.
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The study is pursuing a number of different lines of research & development to make the most efficient use of the supplied energy: heat recovery, adaptation to varying supply situation on the grid, energy storage, efficient low-power beam transport systems and different operation scenarios are assessed as well as power generation and transmission systems are reviewed to improve their efficiencies.
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RADIOFREQUENCY CAVITIES
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RADIOFREQUENCY CAVITIES
The RF system will be the centrepiece of any future circular lepton collider. At the heart of the FCC-ee lies an RF system that compensates for the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation by re-acceleration of the charged particles. A staged installation of this RF system will provide the optimum configuration for each collision energy, resulting in maximum beam current and beam performance in each mode of operation. Ongoing research and development focusses on high-quality cavities that will efficiently transfer energy from the RF power source to the particle beam at low power consumption; the first prototypes show excellent performance.
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NOVEL MATERIALS
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NOVEL MATERIALS
New particle colliders provide industry with powerful test-beds with a high publicity factor. Well-controlled environments allow novel technologies and processes to be piloted, and SMEs are ideal partners to bring these technologies – which include novel materials and material processing techniques for the various components of the accelerator and detectors – to maturity.
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CRYOGENICS
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CRYOGENICS
CERN’s unique know-how, derived from decades of designing, installing and operating the world’s largest cryogenics installation, is key for the successful implementation of the next generation of particle colliders like those envisioned by the FCC study. Ongoing R&D activities in the field are focussing on the design, integration and operation of efficient large scale cryogenic systems.
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SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
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SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Superconductivity is one of the key technologies for the efficient and reliable operation of particle colliders. Among the FCC core technologies are beyond-state-of-the-art high-field dipole magnets, based on Nb3Sn or high-temperature superconducting materials, as well as highly efficient superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) systems for all collider scenarios.
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MAGNET DESIGN
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MAGNET DESIGN
Circular particle colliders are the most important tool in modern high energy physics (HEP) for investigating at the largest mass and the smallest space scales. A key element of a circular accelerator is its magnet system. The magnet system is composed of large numbers of various types of magnets: dipoles and quadrupoles, to guide and steer the particle beams and high-order magnets used to focus the beams and increase the number of collisions and consequently the data gathered by the experiments.
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